The results indicate that Cd contents in samples varied from 0.000 to 0.463 for rice, 0.000 to 0.307 for corn, and 0.012 to 0.537 (mg/kg) for wheat, while F contents ranged from 0.825 to 5.193 (rice), 0.946 to 8.485 (corn), and 0.271 to 9.143 (wheat) mg/kg. Additionally, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique was conducted to analyze spatial distribution, and the health risk was estimated by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazardous index (HI). The contents of F and Cd were measured by fluoride ion-selective electrode and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods, respectively. The present study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions of F and Cd in rice, corn and wheat grains, and further evaluate their health risks to residents in Guizhou province. The pollution status of crops planted in Guizhou province of Southwestern China with high background values of Fluorine (F) and Cadmium (Cd) has attracted people’s concern. The soil chemical quality in pomelo orchards is generally low, indicating that integrated management by controlling acidification, reducing planting altitude, regulating fertilization, and monitoring soil properties is required for sustainable pomelo production. Overall, unfavorable soil quality indicators, including rich in Avail-P, deficient in Avail-Ca, -Mg and -B, soil acidification, and high altitude, were considered to be limiting factors for pomelo production. We detected a significant positive correlation between the SQI based on TDS (SQITDS ) and the SQI based on MDS (SQIMDS ), and the spatial distribution of soil properties and SQITDS showed a uniform pattern, except Avail-N, Avail-B, and SQIMDS. The SQI in mature orchards (>10 y) was higher than that in young orchards (<10 y), while no differences between soil types and altitude gradients were identified. Available Ca (Avail-Ca), pH value, organic matter, and altitude were selected as indicators of soil quality in the MDS. The mean soil quality index (SQI) was 0.355 in the total data set (TDS) and 0.292 in the minimum data set (MDS). We analyzed nine chemical parameters and an altitude indicator. In this study, we evaluated the soil quality status and mapped the spatial distribution of 347 soil samples collected from pomelo orchards in Pinghe County, southern China. Soil quality assessment is a critical strategy for determining optimum fertilization in intensive pomelo production.
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